![]() One approach to mitigate this decoherence is to reduce the noise sources. The environment around a qubit creates noise-from the fluctuating magnetic fields of atomic nuclei, for example-which limits the qubit’s coherence. Here, we enhance the timescale over which optically active molecular qubits can preserve quantum superpositions (the coherence time) by engineering the molecular packing around the qubit. The key to unlocking this potential is to draw on the versatility of molecular systems to enhance qubit properties. Housing such optically active spins in molecules offers opportunities to chemically design qubits for bespoke applications. The spins of electrons are attractive qubits, as they can preserve quantum states over long timescales and be controlled with light. Quantum bits (qubits) are the building blocks for quantum information science, an emerging field that seeks to use quantum-mechanical properties to advance areas from secure communication to biological sensing. ![]() Our results demonstrate the ability to test qubit structure-function relationships through a tunable molecular platform and highlight opportunities for using molecular qubits for nanoscale quantum sensing in noisy environments. Finally, we explore how to further enhance optical-spin interfaces in molecular qubits by investigating the key parameters of optical linewidth and spin-lattice relaxation time. We model the dependence of spin coherence on transverse zero-field splitting from first principles and experimentally verify the theoretical predictions with four distinct molecular systems. This host-matrix engineering leads to spin-coherence times of more than 1 0 μ s for optically addressable molecular spin qubits in a nuclear and electron-spin-rich environment. ![]() By inserting chromium (IV)-based molecular qubits into a nonisostructural host matrix, we generate noise-insensitive clock transitions, through a transverse zero-field splitting, that are not present when using an isostructural host. Here, we demonstrate how the spin coherence in such optically addressable molecular qubits can be controlled through engineering their host environment. The ability to chemically synthesize such systems-to generate optically addressable molecular spins-offers a modular qubit architecture which can be transported across different environments and atomistically tailored for targeted applications through bottom-up design and synthesis. A few examples illustrate the possibilities of coherent X-rays for imaging and intensity correlation spectroscopy.Optically addressable spins are a promising platform for quantum information science due to their combination of a long-lived qubit with a spin-optical interface for external qubit control and readout. A comparison between X-ray scattering, neutron scattering and mesoscopic electron transport is given. The loss of interference due to the finite detection time, to the finite detector pixel size and to uncontrolled degrees of freedom in the sample is discussed at length. Otherwise, a configurational average washes out the speckle and only diffuse scattering and possibly Bragg reflections will survive. When the illuminated sample volume is smaller than the coherence volume, the individuality of the defect arrangement in a sample shows up as speckle in the scattered intensity. The concept of coherence volume, defined in quantum optics terms, is generalized for scattering experiments. Their characterization in terms of coherence functions of the first and second order is introduced. All the currently available X-ray sources are chaotic sources. It has become possible to image opaque objects in phase contrast with a sensitivity far superior to imaging in absorption contrast. Speckle spectroscopy is extended to hard X-rays, improving the resolution to the nm range. ![]() Coherent X-rays are characterized by a large lateral coherence length. Highly brilliant synchrotron radiation sources have opened up the possibility of using coherent X-rays in spectroscopy and imaging.
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